Electrical protection tests — battery system¶
Five tests in GB 38031-2025 that exercise the battery system's protection logic — over-temperature, over-current, external short, overcharge, and over-discharge.
All five tests use
object: system(not pack-system). Clauses 8.2.11–8.2.15 explicitly state the test object is a "battery system" — protection logic lives at the system level (BMS, contactors, fuses), not at the bare pack.
| # | Clause | Test | Pass clause | Key parameters | Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | 8.2.11 | Over-temperature protection | 5.2.11 | Continuous charge/discharge to drive cell T up; chamber ramps from 20 °C ± 10 °C to mfr's overheat-protection threshold (or, if none, max op T). Cooling system disabled. Stop on auto cutoff / mfr signal / T stable (ΔT < 4 °C over 2 h) | over-temperature.md |
| 19 | 8.2.12 | Over-current protection | 5.2.12 | External DC supply; mid-SOC. Charge at max-normal current, then ramp to over-current within 5 s. Stop on auto cutoff / mfr signal / T stable | over-current.md |
| 20 | 8.2.13 | External short-circuit protection | 5.2.13 | Short positive ↔ negative; external R ≤ 5 mΩ. Maintain until protection trips, OR housing T stable then short for ≥ 1 h more | external-short-circuit.md |
| 21 | 8.2.14 | Overcharge protection | 5.2.14 | External charging, control limits disabled, shortest charging strategy. Stop on auto cutoff / mfr signal / T exceeds max op T by 10 °C / (no cutoff and T < max − 10 °C) continue 12 h | overcharge.md |
| 22 | 8.2.15 | Over-discharge protection | 5.2.15 | Lower-SOC start; stable discharge current within normal range. Stop on auto cutoff / mfr signal / V reaches 25 % of rated / T stable | over-discharge.md |
Universal pass criterion¶
All five tests apply the STD criterion (no leakage, no housing crack, no fire, no explosion + insulation ≥ 100 Ω/V DC, ≥ 500 Ω/V if AC).
Common conditions¶
Unless a specific test overrides:
- Ambient temperature: 20 °C ± 10 °C (or higher per manufacturer).
- Protection devices: All non-cooling protection devices in normal operation at the start.
- Main contactors: Closed at the start where applicable.
Observation period¶
All five tests use a 1-hour observation at the test environment temperature after the termination condition is met. (8.2.11.6, 8.2.12.5, 8.2.13.5, 8.2.14.5, 8.2.15.5)
Termination condition pattern¶
Four of the five tests share a common termination pattern: auto cutoff OR manufacturer signal OR temperature stable (ΔT < 4 °C over 2 h). Variations:
- 8.2.13 adds: housing-T-stable + continue short for ≥ 1 h more.
- 8.2.14 adds: temperature exceeds max op T by 10 °C (if no cutoff), and continue 12 h (if no cutoff and T < max op − 10 °C).
- 8.2.15 adds: voltage reaches 25 % of rated (if no cutoff).